核電站容積式換熱器構體區內傳感器勘驗時改換波的辨識
具體分析變型波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)造成超音波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)按(an)簡諧運動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)方位(wei)與(yu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)散播方位(wei)的(de)關系分成縱(zong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、橫波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)、為(wei)名波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)跟(gen)板(ban)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)四種類(lei)型。當超聲波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)橫波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)歪斜出射(she)到異(yi)質性頁面時，除開造成與(yu)入射(she)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)同種類(lei)的(de)反射(she)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)跟(gen)折射(she)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)外，還會繼續造成與(yu)入射(she)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)不一樣種類(lei)的(de)反射(she)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)跟(gen)折射(she)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)，這類(lei)景色稱之為(wei)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形變換，即橫波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)斜入射(she)的(de)時候會在第二物質中造成映射(she)縱(zong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)跟(gen)映射(she)橫波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。
當(dang)橫(heng)(heng)(heng)波(bo)(bo)S以(yi)B角(jiao)出射到堆焊(han)層與碳(tan)素鋼母材頁面時，根據超聲波(bo)(bo)坎坷射定律(lv)：AS=arcsinC碳(tan)素鋼SC不(bu)銹鋼板(ban)S@sinBs在(zai)頁面b處將造成一個A角(jiao)的(de)映射橫(heng)(heng)(heng)波(bo)(bo)，且AS>Bs。由(you)于縱波(bo)(bo)波(bo)(bo)速約為橫(heng)(heng)(heng)波(bo)(bo)的(de)二(er)倍，得知(zhi)變型(xing)縱波(bo)(bo)反射角(jiao)將遠(yuan)(yuan)弘遠(yuan)(yuan)于橫(heng)(heng)(heng)波(bo)(bo)傾斜角(jiao)。由(you)于橫(heng)(heng)(heng)波(bo)(bo)攝像頭的(de)視角(jiao)在(zai)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)角(jiao)跟(gen)第二(er)臨(lin)(lin)界(jie)角(jiao)中間，籌算得知(zhi)這時變型(xing)縱波(bo)(bo)將沿(yan)頁面散播(bo)或超過產品工件為名。因(yin)此 個別情況下，掃(sao)查(cha)圖象上(shang)不(bu)容易展現(xian)變型(xing)縱波(bo)(bo)反射數(shu)據信號。
由于馬氏體堆焊層晶體發(fa)展(zhan)趨向基(ji)礎正垂面，橫(heng)波出射到頁面時(shi)不但會造(zao)(zao)成所述(shu)的橫(heng)坎(kan)坷射，還會繼續(xu)造(zao)(zao)成2個順著(zhu)晶體發(fa)展(zhan)方位垂直平分融(rong)合(he)面的變型波，一個為橫(heng)波，另一為縱波。
變型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)定位(wei)(wei)如所(suo)顯示(shi)(shi)，變型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)橫(heng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)S從入(ru)射(she)(she)點b做(zuo)(zuo)到下為(wei)名(ming)反(fan)射(she)(she)時，沿深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)方(fang)位(wei)(wei)所(suo)歷經的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)程HS恰好是母(mu)(mu)材的(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)T.一般 多(duo)路超(chao)音波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)數據探傷儀的(de)(de)(de)掃描(miao)儀范圍采用深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)調(diao)整(zheng)法(fa)調(diao)整(zheng)。由于(yu)橫(heng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)跟(gen)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)速相距并不(bu)大，且堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)t遠遠地低于(yu)母(mu)(mu)材T的(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)。因而，很有可能類似覺得堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)與母(mu)(mu)材頁面在(zai)圖(tu)象(xiang)中(zhong)顯示(shi)(shi)信息的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)為(wei)堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)的(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)t，變型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)橫(heng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)S在(zai)圖(tu)象(xiang)上顯示(shi)(shi)信息的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)部位(wei)(wei)為(wei)：DS=HScosA t=TcosA t一樣，變型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)L從入(ru)射(she)(she)點b做(zuo)(zuo)到下為(wei)名(ming)反(fan)射(she)(she)時，沿深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)方(fang)位(wei)(wei)所(suo)歷經的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)程HL也(ye)為(wei)母(mu)(mu)材的(de)(de)(de)薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)T，但(dan)變型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)與橫(heng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)(de)(de)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)速不(bu)一樣，因此 將(jiang)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)所(suo)歷經的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)程HL計(ji)算(suan)成橫(heng)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)所(suo)歷經的(de)(de)(de)聲(sheng)(sheng)程HL/S，則變型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)縱(zong)(zong)(zong)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)L在(zai)圖(tu)象(xiang)上顯示(shi)(shi)信息的(de)(de)(de)深(shen)(shen)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)部位(wei)(wei)為(wei)：DL=CSCLHLcosA t=32005900HLcosA t=0.55TcosA t由此可見，變型(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)在(zai)圖(tu)象(xiang)上顯示(shi)(shi)信息的(de)(de)(de)部位(wei)(wei)與攝(she)像(xiang)頭(tou)的(de)(de)(de)傾(qing)斜角、堆(dui)(dui)焊(han)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)跟(gen)母(mu)(mu)材薄(bo)厚(hou)(hou)相關。
總的(de)來說(shuo)，在(zai)堆(dui)焊(han)層下焊(han)接超聲檢測過程中(zhong)，由于堆(dui)焊(han)層的(de)危害，會在(zai)固定不動的(de)部位(wei)展現變型(xing)(xing)波數據信(xin)號，危害缺陷(xian)的(de)分辨。原(yuan)文(wen)中(zhong)所計(ji)算(suan)的(de)公式計(ji)算(suan)跟(gen)分析(xi)方式，對(dui)分辨變型(xing)(xing)波所導致的(de)偽(wei)缺陷(xian)存有廣泛的(de)運用使(shi)用價值。
