高溫條件下容積式換熱器熱彈塑性蠕變分析
化工機械(xie)設計(ji)方案籌(chou)算鵠高溫前提條(tiao)件下容(rong)積式換熱器(qi)熱彈塑性蠕變(bian)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)王清(qing)明節本構方程(cheng)。采用有限元分(fen)(fen)析(xi)標值籌(chou)算方式，樹破了人孔(kong)筒(tong)體筒(tong)體類容(rong)積式換熱器(qi)殼體結構蠕變(bian)變(bian)形的籌(chou)算實體模型(xing)，并開展了標值效(xiao)仿試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)。根據試(shi)(shi)驗(yan)分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，得(de)出容(rong)器(qi)服現役時相關6個位(wei)置的偏(pian)移跟地應(ying)(ying)力(li)，獲(huo)得(de)服現役十萬h后容(rong)器(qi)筒(tong)節欠缺處(chu)的較大 蠕應(ying)(ying)變(bian)力(li)為(wei)0 4013強(qiang)調對重特(te)大蠕變(bian)變(bian)形位(wei)置應(ying)(ying)留心關鍵監管。
在(zai)(zai)冶(ye)金(jin)工(gong)業、石油化工(gong)設備、發(fa)電廠等(deng)許多 關鍵一部分(fen)(fen)(fen)中，高溫前提條(tiao)件下運用(yong)的(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)(rong)積(ji)式換熱(re)器(qi)或，既要遭(zao)受高溫功(gong)效，又要遭(zao)受由(you)于溫度功(gong)效造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)內應力(li)(li)(li)。在(zai)(zai)一定(ding)的(de)(de)前提條(tiao)件下，容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)會造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)蠕(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)，一旦展(zhan)現常見故障即很(hen)(hen)有(you)可(ke)能引起重(zhong)特大(da)事情，因而(er)這種(zhong)容(rong)(rong)(rong)積(ji)式換熱(re)器(qi)自始(shi)至終是高溫構造(zao)(zao)管理體(ti)系中關鍵的(de)(de)監管目(mu)標。在(zai)(zai)運作過程中，由(you)于外載、熱(re)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)跟蠕(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的(de)(de)功(gong)效，隨便造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)很(hen)(hen)大(da)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)，進而(er)造(zao)(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)地應力(li)(li)(li)情況與設計方案時有(you)很(hen)(hen)大(da)區(qu)別，因此(ci) 對服現役容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)開展(zhan)應力(li)(li)(li)應變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)曲線分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)，有(you)利于了(le)解容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)的(de)(de)地應力(li)(li)(li)情況，對具體(ti)生(sheng)產制(zhi)造(zao)(zao)有(you)領導干部含意1121.小編在(zai)(zai)熱(re)彈(dan)塑性蠕(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)數學分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)模型的(de)(de)大(da)部分(fen)(fen)(fen)，樹破(po)容(rong)(rong)(rong)積(ji)式換熱(re)器(qi)的(de)(de)有(you)限元分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)實體(ti)模型，并對其(qi)熱(re)彈(dan)塑性蠕(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)難(nan)題開展(zhan)了(le)模擬仿真(zhen)分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)籌算(suan)。此(ci)項科學研(yan)究為分(fen)(fen)(fen)析(xi)(xi)、籌算(suan)跟掌權容(rong)(rong)(rong)器(qi)或蠕(ru)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)確立了(le)基礎(chu)。
熱彈(dan)塑性蠕變具體對處在高溫(wen)前提條(tiao)件下工作中的構造，務必考慮到溫(wen)度(du)對材料(liao)行動跟(gen)(gen)構造回應的危害(hai)。伴隨著(zhu)溫(wen)度(du)的變動，材料(liao)參(can)量(liang)如彈(dan)性模(mo)具、泊松(song)比、妥協限等均(jun)會(hui)造成(cheng)變動。材料(liao)的蠕變變形(xing)很有(you)可能表明為溫(wen)度(du)T地應力a跟(gen)(gen)歲(sui)月(yue)的涵數，即(ji)其告(gao)白(bai)式為以根據材料(liao)試驗分辨。
對另外考慮到溫(wen)度(du)變(bian)(bian)形跟蠕(ru)變(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)形的狀況，應(ying)自(zi)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)很有可能表明為(wei)溫(wen)度(du)應(ying)自(zi)變(bian)(bian)量(liang)可表明為(wei)TT剎(cha)時溫(wen)度(du)、原(yuan)始溫(wen)度(du)。
案(an)例分析(xi)(xi)高(gao)溫容(rong)積式(shi)換熱器蠕(ru)(ru)變變形的(de)分析(xi)(xi)方式(shi)由(you)于容(rong)器構造基礎是一個以中線(xian)為(wei)軸的(de)對稱性(xing)構造。因(yin)而(er)，可簡化為(wei)中心對稱體。實(shi)際籌(chou)算(suan)過程是將(jiang)籌(chou)算(suan)獲得(de)(de)的(de)溫度(du)場跟(gen)承受力做為(wei)界限前提條(tiao)件加在(zai)蠕(ru)(ru)變變形分析(xi)(xi)實(shi)體模型上，效仿獲得(de)(de)容(rong)器的(de)蠕(ru)(ru)變變形。
容積式換熱(re)器為中(zhong)心(xin)對稱構造，現僅考慮到容器上邊部分即人(ren)孔筒體筒節(jie)開展設計(ji)方(fang)案(an)，有(you)限元分析是多少何實(shi)體模(mo)型(xing)如所顯示；籌算(suan)實(shi)體模(mo)型(xing)監控點散播如所顯示。法蘭盤的(de)地腳螺栓(shuan)力簡單化為一個平衡力，F=82.109k.容積式換熱(re)器的(de)材料為1CM1相對密度為7 800kg/rf畸(ji)型(xing)工作中(zhong)溫(wen)度為540 C，設計(ji)方(fang)案(an)工作壓力為
13. 5CPa壓(ya)(ya)力12.3MPa設(she)(she)計(ji)方案使用(yong)(yong)壽命為(wei)十萬h彈性(xing)(xing)模(mo)具(ju)、泊松(song)比、蠕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)主要參數(shu)(shu)以及在室平(ping)跟高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)的結(jie)構力學(xue)功(gong)能(neng)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)信息參考(kao)《容積式(shi)(shi)(shi)換熱器材(cai)料運用(yong)(yong)指(zhi)南(nan)碳素(su)鋼及碳素(su)鋼》及《高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)高壓(ya)(ya)管線的設(she)(she)計(ji)壽命跟料想技巧的研(yan)究(jiu)》選中，實際數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)信息如表(biao)(biao)1籌(chou)(chou)算實體模(mo)型(xing)監(jian)控點散播(bo)表(biao)(biao)1 10CMQ910的材(cai)料結(jie)構力學(xue)主要參數(shu)(shu)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)/V延(yan)展性(xing)(xing)GP量(liang)z泊松(song)比妥協抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度(du)/抗(kang)壓(ya)(ya)強(qiang)度(du)/常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)表(biao)(biao)2 10CM910的塑性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)信息溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)/V地應(ying)力/MPa塑性(xing)(xing)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)應(ying)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)力常溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)下(xia)(xia)(xia)泊松(song)比隨溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)的變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)動不大(da)(da)，很(hen)有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)設(she)(she)為(wei)時間常數(shu)(shu)。根據(ju)(ju)試驗數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)擬合，采用(yong)(yong)以下(xia)(xia)(xia)形(xing)(xing)勢的蠕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)公(gong)式(shi)(shi)(shi)計(ji)算蠕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)歲月取名為(wei)十萬h對該種類容積式(shi)(shi)(shi)換熱器的蠕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)開展有(you)(you)限元分(fen)析效仿籌(chou)(chou)算，獲(huo)得容器蠕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)軸(zhou)向(xiang)偏移開始(shi)跟完畢的數(shu)(shu)據(ju)(ju)信息如表(biao)(biao)3所顯示。由表(biao)(biao)3很(hen)有(you)(you)可(ke)(ke)能(neng)看得出，考(kao)慮到高溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)蠕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)的危(wei)害(hai)，十萬h后在部位4處造成了很(hen)大(da)(da)的蠕變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)，軸(zhou)向(xiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)量(liang)超出了mm較大(da)(da) Mise地應(ying)力有(you)(you)一定的擴大(da)(da)，一樣也出當(dang)時部位4相鄰(lin)。
表3原始跟十(shi)萬h后容器(qi)(qi)部分部位蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)形及地應(ying)力(li)容器(qi)(qi)部位相匹配連(lian)接點軸(zhou)向偏(pian)移(yi)/從容積(ji)式換熱(re)器(qi)(qi)為名面部分部位的蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)形偏(pian)移(yi)趨勢圖很有可能看(kan)得出(chu)，蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)形量(liang)在十(shi)萬h的歲月變(bian)(bian)動符合蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)的楷(kai)模曲線圖，而且蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)變(bian)(bian)形早已進入了蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)(bian)的第2個(ge)環節。
從跟的軸(zhou)向(xiang)偏移散播云圖很有(you)可(ke)能看得(de)出，在原始環節(jie)較(jiao)大 變形(xing)出當時(shi)部(bu)位5相(xiang)鄰，自此(ci)蠕變逐漸造成(cheng)，在十(shi)萬h后，容積式(shi)換熱器(qi)的較(jiao)大 軸(zhou)向(xiang)變形(xing)為75mm出當時(shi)部(bu)位4相(xiang)鄰地區。
1h軸向偏移(yi)散播云0萬(wan)h軸向偏移(yi)散播云圖(tu)由跟(gen)得知，在原(yuan)始(shi)環節，還未造成蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)效(xiao)用，這時(shi)蠕(ru)(ru)應(ying)(ying)變(bian)力的數量級為10，在十萬(wan)h后較大 蠕(ru)(ru)應(ying)(ying)變(bian)力為0.4013較大 蠕(ru)(ru)應(ying)(ying)變(bian)力出當時(shi)部位3跟(gen)部位4相鄰。
十萬h等效(xiao)(xiao)電路蠕(ru)(ru)應變(bian)力(li)散播云圖根據所(suo)述分(fen)析結果，創造(zao)發明部位4相鄰的(de)(de)(de)地區變(bian)形(xing)比較(jiao)重(zhong)(zhong)特大(da)，這關鍵(jian)是容(rong)積式換熱器(qi)在高內(nei)壓功(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)下，材料結構力(li)學功(gong)能隨(sui)溫度(du)的(de)(de)(de)上升逐(zhu)漸變(bian)弱，且(qie)該(gai)點(dian)的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)壁厚較(jiao)薄造(zao)成容(rong)器(qi)造(zao)成澎(peng)漲。不(bu)難看出，爐(lu)(lu)蓋(gai)蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)變(bian)形(xing)跟其(qi)溫度(du)場、內(nei)應力(li)及其(qi)爐(lu)(lu)蓋(gai)材料的(de)(de)(de)蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)功(gong)能緊密(mi)相關，容(rong)器(qi)所(suo)遭受的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)應力(li)水準跟溫度(du)的(de)(de)(de)高矮(ai)對其(qi)蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)變(bian)形(xing)有顯著的(de)(de)(de)危害。內(nei)應力(li)越大(da)，溫度(du)越高，相對的(de)(de)(de)蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)變(bian)形(xing)率也就(jiu)越大(da)，爐(lu)(lu)蓋(gai)的(de)(de)(de)蠕(ru)(ru)變(bian)變(bian)形(xing)越重(zhong)(zhong)特大(da)。
根據之上分(fen)析，很有(you)可能(neng)獲得下列(lie)觀點：分(fen)析結果顯示，以內壓、熱變(bian)形及蠕(ru)變(bian)綜相互(hu)配(pei)合用(yong)下，容積式換熱器中間存有(you)重特(te)大的(de)蠕(ru)變(bian)變(bian)形，應(ying)留心關鍵監(jian)管。
溫度(du)上升使容器地應(ying)力擴大，蠕變變形加重，因而應(ying)防止高(gao)溫高(gao)壓狀況造成。
高(gao)溫容積式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)蠕(ru)變(bian)變(bian)形與許(xu)多 要素相關，根據(ju)樹破高(gao)溫容積式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)蠕(ru)變(bian)實體模型，采用(yong)有限元原理對容器(qi)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案(an)使用(yong)壽命(ming)十(shi)萬h內開展長歲月的(de)效仿，覺得該方(fang)式(shi)能為其他種(zhong)類(lei)的(de)容積式(shi)換(huan)熱(re)(re)器(qi)或的(de)設(she)計(ji)方(fang)案(an)及檢測提供分析根據(ju)。
